1. Understanding Cervical Cancer - Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that occurs in the cells of the cervix—the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. It is often caused by persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV). Early detection significantly increases treatment success. Cervical cancer is preventable and highly treatable if caught early.
2. Who Should Get Screened - Women aged 25 to 69 years are generally advised to undergo screening. Women under 25 are usually not screened unless there are special risk factors. Women over 70 may not need regular screening if they have had regular negative tests. High-risk individuals (HIV-positive, immunocompromised, or with a history of cervical precancer) may need more frequent screening.
3. Screening Methods in Singapore - There are two main types of cervical cancer screening:
A. Pap Smear Test (Cytology) - Examines cervical cells under a microscope for abnormalities. Recommended every 3 years for women aged 25–69. Less effective in detecting HPV directly, but can detect cell changes early.
B. HPV DNA Test - Detects high-risk strains of HPV that are most likely to cause cervical cancer. Recommended every 5 years for women aged 30–69. Can be used alone (primary HPV screening) or combined with a Pap smear (co-testing).
4. How Screening is Done - During a pelvic exam, a small brush or spatula collects cells from the cervix. The sample is sent to a lab for testing. Results are usually available in 1–2 weeks.
5. Follow-up After Screening - Routine screening at recommended intervals. Further evaluation may include: Colposcopy (magnified examination of the cervix), Biopsy (tissue sampling), Treatment for precancerous lesions (LEEP, cryotherapy, or laser treatment).
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